 White Stripe is Negative Capacitors that pop and leak may cause permanent Damage Some motherboards (such as Asus) print Negative to Positive are labeled backwards (White stripe is actually a positive) This results in soldering Capacitors incorrectly, prior to removing the capacitor take note of the arrangement |  The main purpose of this is to reduce the flow of electricity in a circuit
Resistors can blow resulting in a dead board.
You can find a dead Resistor using a Microscope and replace however blown Resistors usually are a result of a much bigger problem with the board. |  Diodes restrict the flow of current in a circuit to only one direction.
Diodes can be damaged by high voltages
Forward Test should read 1kΩ and Reverse infinity. |  Yes motherboards do have fuses, some boards have more than just one (up to 4 fuses depending on brand)
Main cause of fuses blowing is power supply problems, these can be replaced however there is little chance that this is the only problem |